Electronic Monitoring in Scotland

Criminal Justice Social Worker – an accredited social worker based in a local authority (Council), who oversees community-based offender supervision, undertakes assessments and prepares reports to aid decision-making at various points in the criminal justice process. Criminal justice social workers are the Scottish equivalent of a probation and parole officer. Local Authorities – councils. Currently, there are 32 local authorities in Scotland, and community-based offender supervision is devolved or overseen at the level of each local authority. Monitored Person – in the current Scottish context, 'monitored person' is the term used by the private monitoring services provider G4S and the researchers to describe individuals who are tagged and monitored. In addition to adults monitored through the Scottish criminal justice system, children are also subject to monitoring through Children's Hearings System, and they are not commonly spoken of as 'offenders', even if they have histories of criminal behaviour. Premises Holder – the property owner, or a named signatory to the rental lease. Procurator Fiscal – a prosecutor (sometimes abbreviated to PF or Fiscal), employed within the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS), Scotland's prosecution service. Sheriff – a judicial officer; the Scottish equivalent of a magistrate who sits in the middle (mainstream) level of criminal and civil courts, the Sheriff's Courts, which deal with higher matters than Justice of the Peace Courts (presided over by lay magistrate), and lower or less serious matters than the High Court (presided over by judges or Law Lords). Stand-alone Order – this term encompasses different meanings in different jurisdictions; it is used here in keeping with Nellis and Lehner's (2012: 2) definition: a stand-alone order is a 'means of execution of a criminal sanction or measure, without being combined with other interventions or treatment measures.' Restriction of Liberty Orders (RLOs) and Home Detention Curfews (HDCs) in Scotland are typically referred to as stand-alone orders. By way of contrast, 'integrated' approaches combine the use EM with supervision, supports and/or surveillance. iii Acknowledgements We are very grateful to the research participants across Scotland who have given their time and practice wisdom to help inform this research. Thanks to Emma Smith from the University of Stirling for her research assistance, and also Dr Margaret Malloch and Prof. Alison Bowes from the University of Stirling for their input and support throughout the research process. We appreciate the skilful assistance of Sophia Verhaeghe, Rachel Evans, and Ella Holdsworth from …